ABSTRACT
Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de sintomatología depresiva y explorar su asociación con factores individuales y familiares en estudiantes de escuelas públicas de nivel medio superior en México. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal con muestra representativa de 9 982 estudiantes de 14 a 19 años. Se estimaron modelos de regresión logística para obtener razones de momios (RM), con intervalos de confianza a 95% (IC95%). Resultados. El 27% de los estudiantes presentó sintomatología depresiva; la proporción fue mayor en mujeres (34%) que en hombres (18%). Factores asociados: sexo femenino (RM=2.25 IC95% 1.86-2.71); baja autoestima (RM=2.77 IC95% 2.41-3.19); consumo de alcohol (RM=1.72 IC95% 1.46-2.02); consumo de tabaco (RM= 1.57 IC95% 1.31 -1.88); consumo de drogas (RM= 1.63 IC95% 1.29-2.05); violencia intrafamiliar (RM=2.05 IC95% 1.77-2.39); baja comunicación padres e hijos (RM= 1.78 IC95% 1.59-2.00). Conclusiones. La sintomatología depresiva en estudiantes de nivel medio superior es un problema de salud pública en México. Se requiere la implementación de programas de intervención enfocados en el manejo de factores de riesgo asociados.
Objective. To estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms (DS) and to explore associated individual and family factors in high-school students from public schools of México. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional study of a representative sample of 9 982 students aged between 14 and 19 years. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI95%). Results. 27% of students presented DS, with higher proportion among women (34%) than among men (18%). Factors associated with DS were being female (OR=2.25 CI95% 1.86-2.71); low self-esteem (OR=2.77 CI95% 2.41 -3.19); consuming alcohol (OR= 1.72 CI95% 1.46-2.02), consuming tobacco (OR= 1.57 CI95% 1.31-1.88), consuming illegal drugs (OR=1.63 CI95% 1.29-2.05), domestic violence (OR=2.05 CI95% 1.77-2.39), and low communication between parents and their children (OR=1.78 CI95% 1.59-2.00). Conclusions. Depressive symptomatology among high-school students in México is a public health issue.There is a need for intervention programs aimed at tackling the associated risk factors.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Family Characteristics , Psychology, Adolescent , Depression/epidemiology , Depressive Disorder/epidemiology , Parent-Child Relations , Schools , Self Concept , Socioeconomic Factors , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Smoking/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adolescent Behavior , Domestic Violence/statistics & numerical data , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Mexico/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Objetivo. Identificar prevalencias y factores asociados a la ideación e intento suicida en estudiantes adolescentes de México. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal en 12424 adolescentes de escuelas públicas en 2007. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística para obtener razones de momios (RM) con intervalos de confianza de 95 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento). Resultados. 47 por ciento reportó al menos un síntoma de ideación; 9 por ciento refirieron antecedente de intento. Los factores asociados a la conducta suicida fueron: poca confianza en la comunicación hacia los padres (RM=1.30, RM=1.54); abuso sexual (RM=1.92, RM=1.57), sintomatología depresiva (RM=5.36, RM=1.51), consumo de tabaco (RM=1.30, RM=2.57), alcohol (RM=1.60, RM=1.31) y, para las mujeres, haber tenido relaciones sexuales (RM=1.28, RM=1.65). Conclusión. Casi la mitad de los(as) estudiantes del nivel medio superior presentaron al menos un síntoma de ideación. Para disminuir esta problemática se deben considerar los factores asociados: el consumo de sustancias adictivas, género, antecedentes de abuso sexual y depresión.
Objective. To identify the prevalence of and factors associated with suicidal ideation and intent in adolescent students in Mexico. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 12 424 students from public schools in 2007. We used logistic regression to obtain odds ratios (OR) with 95 percent confidence intervals. Results. A total of 47 percent of the students reported at least one suicidal ideation symptom and 9 percent reported an antecedent of suicidal intent. Factors associated with suicide ideation and intent include low confidence in communication with parents (OR=1.30; OR=1.54), sexual abuse (OR=1.92; OR=1.57), depressive symptoms (OR=5.36; OR=1.51), tobacco use (OR=1.30; OR=2.57), alcohol use (OR=1.60; OR=1.31) and, for women, having had sexual relations (OR=1.28; OR=1.65). Conclusions. Roughly 50 percent of high school students had at least one symptom of suicidal ideation. To lessen this problem, associated factors should be considered, including consumption of addictive substances, gender, history of sexual abuse and depression.